Results for 'Matthew D. Goodwin'

975 found
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  1.  41
    Youth and Parent Appraisals of Participation in a Study of Spontaneous and Induced Pediatric Clinical Pain.Kara Hawley, Jeannie S. Huang, Matthew Goodwin, Damaris Diaz, Virginia R. de Sa, Kathryn A. Birnie, Christine T. Chambers & Kenneth D. Craig - 2019 - Ethics and Behavior 29 (4):259-273.
    The current study examined youths’ and their parents’ perceptions concerning participation in an investigation of spontaneous and induced pain during recovery from laparoscopic appendectomy. Youth and their parents independently completed surveys about their study participation. On a scale from 0 to 10, both parents and youth rated their experience as positive. Among youth, experience ratings did not differ by pain severity and survey responses did not differ by age. Most youth reported that they would tell another youth to participate. Ethical (...)
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  2.  42
    Prioritarianism in Practice.Matthew D. Adler & Ole F. Norheim (eds.) - 2022 - Cambridge University Press.
    Prioritarianism is an ethical theory that gives extra weight to the well-being of the worse off. In contrast, dominant policy-evaluation methodologies, such as benefit-cost analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and utilitarianism, ignore or downplay issues of fair distribution. Based on a research group founded by the editors, this important book is the first to show how prioritarianism can be used to assess governmental policies and evaluate societal conditions. This book uses prioritarianism as a methodology to evaluate governmental policy across a variety of (...)
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  3.  81
    Rawlsian Affirmative Action.D. C. Matthew - 2015 - Critical Philosophy of Race 3 (2):324-343.
    In this paper I respond to Robert Taylor's argument that a Rawlsian framework does not support strong affirmative action programs. The paper makes three main arguments. The first disputes Taylor's claim that strong AA would not be needed in ideal conditions. Private racial discrimination, I suggest, might still exist in such conditions, so strong AA might be needed there. The second challenges Taylor's claims that pure procedural justice constrains Rawlsian nonideal theory. I argue that this rests on a fetishizing of (...)
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  4.  25
    Rapid decisions from experience.Matthew D. Zeigenfuse, Timothy J. Pleskac & Taosheng Liu - 2014 - Cognition 131 (2):181-194.
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  5.  22
    Untying the Gordian Knot: Process, Reality, and Context.Matthew D. Segall - 2022 - Process Studies 51 (2):250-257.
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  6.  82
    Extended Preferences and Interpersonal Comparisons: A New Account.Matthew D. Adler - 2014 - Economics and Philosophy 30 (2):123-162.
    This paper builds upon, but substantially revises, John Harsanyi's concept of ‘extended preferences’. An individual ‘history’ is a possible life that some person (a subject) might lead. Harsanyi supposes that a given spectator, formulating her ethical preferences, can rank histories by empathetic projection: putting herself ‘in the shoes’ of various subjects. Harsanyi then suggests that interpersonal comparisons be derived from the utility function representing spectators’ (supposedly common) ranking of history lotteries. Unfortunately, Harsanyi's proposal has various flaws, including some that have (...)
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  7. Aristotle on Wittiness.Matthew D. Walker - 2019 - In Pierre Destrée & Franco V. Trivigno, Laughter, Humor, and Comedy in Ancient Philosophy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 103-121.
    This chapter offers a complete account of Aristotle’s underexplored treatment of the virtue of wittiness (eutrapelia) in Nicomachean Ethics IV.8. It addresses the following questions: (1) What, according to Aristotle, is this virtue and what is its structure? (2) How do Aristotle’s moral psychological views inform Aristotle’s account, and how might Aristotle’s discussions of other, more familiar virtues, enable us to understand wittiness better? In particular, what passions does the virtue of wittiness concern, and how might the virtue (and its (...)
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  8.  33
    Young, Gilbert, and Social Groups.Matthew D. Kuchem - 2020 - Social Theory and Practice 46 (4):737-763.
    In this paper I critique the concept of social groups deployed by Iris Marion Young in her well-known theory of the five faces of oppression. I contend that Young’s approach to conceptualizing social groups creates arbitrary and inconsistent categories, essentializes certain groups, and fails to take seriously the complexity of pluralism. I propose that Margaret Gilbert’s work in social metaphysics provides a more philosophically robust account of social groups that serves as a helpful corrective to Young’s approach. Gilbert’s account of (...)
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  9.  27
    Exploring Pragmatics and Aesthetics in Design Education.Matthew D. Ziff - 2000 - The Journal of Aesthetic Education 34 (2):27.
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  10.  24
    The Problem of the Correct Answer.Matthew D. Ziff - 2017 - Journal of Aesthetic Education 51 (1):45-53.
    If you do not know the correct answer, guess.Design addresses need, of various types. A designer “designs” to address, to propose a possibility, or to meet a need. A great variety of things are designed: shoes, posters, watches, houses, televisions, keyboards, movies, washing machines, toasters, belts, and cars, to mention only some.A designer, be he or she an architect, interior designer, graphic designer, product designer, or industrial designer, nearly always provides drawings, models, written descriptions, and overarching ideas in response to (...)
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  11.  33
    What are the major transitions?Matthew D. Herron - 2021 - Biology and Philosophy 36 (1):1-19.
    The ‘Major Transitions in Evolution’ framework has emerged as the dominant paradigm for understanding the origins of life's hierarchical organization, but it has been criticized on the grounds that it lacks theoretical unity, that is, that the events included in the framework do not constitute a coherent category. I agree with this criticism, and I argue that the best response is to modify the framework so that the events it includes do comprise a coherent category, one whose members share fundamental (...)
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  12.  20
    Fitness and Individuality in Complex Life Cycles.Matthew D. Herron - 2016 - Philosophy of Science 83 (5):828-834.
    Complex life cycles are common in the eukaryotic world, and they complicate the question of how to define individuality. Using a bottom-up, gene-centric approach, I consider the concept of fitness in the context of complex life cycles. I analyze the fitness effects of an allele on different biological units within a complex life history and how these effects drive evolutionary change within populations. Based on these effects, I attempt to construct a concept of fitness that accurately predicts evolutionary change in (...)
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  13.  50
    Michael Smith and Moral Motivation: How Good Are Ostensibly Good People?D. C. Matthew - 2008 - Journal of Value Inquiry 42 (4):519-531.
    According to Michael Smith, in his book The Moral Problem, the following internalist claim is true: ‘‘If an agent judges it right to do something in certain circumstances, then the agent is either motivated to do that thing in the circumstances or is practically irrational.’’ He calls this claim the ‘‘practicality requirement on moral judgment,’’ and in his book tries to defend it against the amoralist challenge presented by David Brink. Brink famously argues against internalism on the grounds that it (...)
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  14. Bessel and the Epistemology of Observational Relativity.Matthew D. Lund - forthcoming - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie.
    In 1823, F.W. Bessel published a startling conclusion: ‘involuntary constant differences’ mark out the recorded astronomical transit times of distinct observers. Bessel’s discovery eventually led to the institutionalization of the ‘personal equation’ for astrometry and spurred psychological investigations into the processes of visual perception. Bessel’s discovery revealed that the epistemic terrain of astrometry was more unpredictable than had been previously thought. Yet the solution to these worries was not a rigorous theory of the observer, but rather a set of cautionary (...)
     
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  15.  55
    Cost-benefit analysis: legal, economic, and philosophical perspectives.Matthew D. Adler & Eric A. Posner (eds.) - 2001 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Cost-benefit analysis is a widely used governmental evaluation tool, though academics remain skeptical. This volume gathers prominent contributors from law, economics, and philosophy for discussion of cost-benefit analysis, specifically its moral foundations, applications and limitations. This new scholarly debate includes not only economists, but also contributors from philosophy, cognitive psychology, legal studies, and public policy who can further illuminate the justification and moral implications of this method and specify alternative measures. These articles originally appeared in the Journal of Legal Studies. (...)
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  16.  10
    The Evolution of Multicellularity.Matthew D. Herron, Peter L. Conlin & William C. Ratcliff (eds.) - 2022 - CRC Press.
    This book examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity. The transition from unicellular to multicellular life was one of a few major events in the history of life that created new opportunities for more complex biological systems to evolve.
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  17.  6
    Lucian's relationship to arrian.Matthew D. Macleod - 1987 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 131 (1-2):257-264.
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  18.  22
    An island for itself. Economic development and social change in late medieval Sicily.D. J. A. Matthew - 1994 - History of European Ideas 18 (5):771-772.
  19. Positive psychology and luck experiences.Matthew D. Smith & Piers Worth - 2019 - In Ian M. Church & Robert J. Hartman, The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy and Psychology of Luck. New York: Routledge.
     
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  20.  21
    Democratic Schooling: Toward a Renewed End-in-View.Matthew D. Davis - 1996 - Education and Culture 13 (1):5.
  21. Aristotle on the Uses of Contemplation.Matthew D. Walker - 2018 - New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
    Traditionally, Aristotle is held to believe that philosophical contemplation is valuable for its own sake, but ultimately useless. In this volume, Matthew D. Walker offers a fresh, systematic account of Aristotle's views on contemplation's place in the human good. The book situates Aristotle's views against the background of his wider philosophy, and examines the complete range of available textual evidence. On this basis, Walker argues that contemplation also benefits humans as perishable living organisms by actively guiding human life activity, (...)
  22.  58
    Counterfactual discrimination.D. C. Matthew - 2017 - South African Journal of Philosophy 36 (4):495-504.
    In counterfactual cases of discrimination, an agent would have treated someone worse had circumstances been different such that instead of being a member of her actual group, she was a member of some other group. The case for considering such cases to be genuine cases of discrimination is bolstered by the fact that we are inclined to say that cases where an agent would have treated someone better had she been a member of another group are discriminatory. But I argue (...)
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  23.  28
    Sound Studies and Music Education.Matthew D. Thibeault - 2017 - Journal of Aesthetic Education 51 (1):69-83.
    Elliot Eisner notes, “The kinds of nets we know how to weave determine the kinds of nets we cast. These nets, in turn, determine the kinds of fish we catch.”1 Sound studies is a recently emerged interdisciplinary field that draws upon the social sciences and humanities in support of a broad range of inquiry into music and sound. Weaving new approaches that cast interesting questions that yield fascinating catches, sound studies has much to offer those looking to expand or challenge (...)
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  24.  27
    On (moral) philosophy and American legal scholarship.Matthew D. Adler - 2009 - In Francis J. Mootz, On Philosophy in American Law. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 114.
  25.  68
    Social facts, constitutional interpretation, and the rule of recognition.Matthew D. Adler - unknown
    This chapter is an essay in a volume that examines constitutional law in the United States through the lens of H.L.A. Hart's "rule of recognition" model of a legal system. My chapter focuses on a feature of constitutional practice that has been rarely examined: how jurists and scholars argue about interpretive methods. Although a vast body of scholarship provides arguments for or against various interpretive methods -- such as textualism, originalism, "living constitutionalism," structure-and-relationship reasoning, representation reinforcement, minimalism, and so forth (...)
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  26. Happiness Surveys and Public Policy: What's the Use?Matthew D. Adler - unknown
    This Article provides a comprehensive, critical overview of proposals to use happiness surveys for steering public policy. Happiness or “subjective well-being” surveys ask individuals to rate their present happiness, life-satisfaction, affective state, etc. A massive literature now engages in such surveys or correlates survey responses with individual attributes. And, increasingly, scholars argue for the policy relevance of happiness data: in particular, as a basis for calculating aggregates such as “gross national happiness,” or for calculating monetary equivalents for non-market goods based (...)
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  27.  81
    Eudaimonia and agape in Macintyre and Kierkegaard's works of love.Matthew D. Mendham - 2007 - Journal of Religious Ethics 35 (4):591-625.
    This essay explores connections and divergences between Alasdair MacIntyre's eudaimonistic ethic and Søren Kierkegaard's agapeistic ethic--perhaps the greatest proponents of these ethical paradigms from the past two centuries. The purpose of the work is threefold. First, to demonstrate an impressive amount of convergence and complementarity in their approaches to the transcendent grounds of an ethic of flourishing, the rigors necessary for a proper self-love, and the other-directed nature of proper social relations. Second, given the inapplicability of common dichotomies, to pinpoint (...)
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  28.  93
    Cognitivism, controversy, and moral heuristics.Matthew D. Adler - 2005 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (4):542-543.
    Sunstein aims to provide a nonsectarian account of moral heuristics, yet the account rests on a controversial meta-ethical view. Further, moral theorists who reject act consequentialism may deny that Sunstein's examples involve moral mistakes. But so what? Within a theory that counts consequences as a morally weighty feature of actions, the moral judgments that Sunstein points to are indeed mistaken, and the fact that governmental action at odds with these judgments will be controversial doesn't bar such action.
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  29.  42
    Popular Constitutionalism and the Rule of Recognition: Whose Practices Ground U.Matthew D. Adler - unknown
    The law within each legal system is a function of the practices of some social group. In short, law is a kind of socially grounded norm. H.L.A Hart famously developed this view in his book, The Concept of Law, by arguing that law derives from a social rule, the so-called “rule of recognition.” But the proposition that social facts play a foundational role in producing law is a point of consensus for all modern jurisprudents in the Anglo-American tradition: not just (...)
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  30. Cells, colonies, and clones: individuality in the volvocine algae.Matthew D. Herron - 2017 - In Scott Lidgard & Lynn K. Nyhart, Biological Individuality: Integrating Scientific, Philosophical, and Historical Perspectives. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     
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  31. Ruth Chang, ed., Incommensurability, Incomparability and Practical Reason Reviewed by.Matthew D. Adler - 1999 - Philosophy in Review 19 (3):168-171.
     
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  32. THE RULE OF RECOGNITION AND THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION.Matthew D. Adler & Kenneth E. Himma (eds.) - 2008 - Oxford University Press.
     
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  33.  54
    Well-Being Thresholds and Moral Priority.Matthew D. Adler - 2015 - Journal of Moral Philosophy 12 (6):773-786.
  34.  15
    Moral Obligation in an Anarchic World.Matthew D. Atkinson & Darin DeWitt - 2021 - In Jeffery L. Nicholas, The Expanse and Philosophy. Wiley. pp. 74–83.
    The Expanse is propelled into action when James Holden does what is morally right. In our everyday world, the prospect of spending time in jail short circuits the need for moral reflection. Not so in the anarchic world of The Expanse. This chapter uses just war theory to explore the moral obligations that exist when the political order breaks down. Philosophy helps us develop a moral language for making choices and evaluating actions. Michael Walzer accounts for the compassionate behavior by (...)
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  35.  8
    Value and Cost-Benefit Analysis.Matthew D. Adler - 2015 - In Iwao Hirose & Jonas Olson, The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory. New York NY: Oxford University Press USA.
    Cost-benefit analysis —understood as a technique for evaluating governmental policies in light of individual well-being—rests upon a preference view of welfare. A policy’s effect on a given individual is measured, on a money scale, with reference to her preferences as between money and other goods, captured in her “utility” function. This chapter describes the methodology of CBA, and discusses the various conditions on individual preferences that are required for the existence of an individual utility function, for the use of money (...)
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  36.  68
    Would You Choose to be Happy? Tradeoffs Between Happiness and the Other Dimensions of Life in a Large Population Survey.Matthew D. Adler, Paula Dolan & Georgios Kavetsos - unknown
    A large literature documents the correlates and causes of subjective well-being, or happiness. But few studies have investigated whether people choose happiness. Is happiness all that people want from life, or are they willing to sacrifice it for other attributes, such as income and health? Tackling this question has largely been the preserve of philosophers. In this article, we find out just how much happiness matters to ordinary citizens. Our sample consists of nearly 13,000 members of the UK and US (...)
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  37.  41
    Modeling habits as self-sustaining patterns of sensorimotor behavior.Matthew D. Egbert & Xabier E. Barandiaran - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8:96572.
    In the recent history of psychology and cognitive neuroscience, the notion of habit has been reduced to a stimulus-triggered response probability correlation. In this paper we use a computational model to present an alternative theoretical view (with some philosophical implications), where habits are seen as self-maintaining patterns of behavior that share properties in common with self-maintaining biological processes, and that inhabit a complex ecological context, including the presence and influence of other habits. Far from mechanical automatisms, this organismic and self-organizing (...)
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  38. The illumination of consciousness: Approaches to self-awareness in the indian and western traditions.Matthew D. MacKenzie - 2007 - Philosophy East and West 57 (1):40-62.
    : Philosophers in the Indian and Western traditions have developed and defended a range of sophisticated accounts of self-awareness. Here, four of these accounts are examined, and the arguments for them are assessed. Theories of self-awareness developed in the two traditions under consideration fall into two broad categories: reflectionist or other-illumination theories and reflexivist or self-illumination theories. Having assessed the main arguments for these theories, it is argued here that while neither reflectionist nor reflexivist theories are adequate as traditionally formulated (...)
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  39.  11
    Contributors and Selected Bibliography.Matthew D. Adler - 2009 - In Francis J. Mootz, On Philosophy in American Law. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 28--295.
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  40.  43
    Proslogion: Including Gaunilo Objections and Anselm's Replies.Matthew D. Walz - 2013 - South Bend, IN, USA: St. Augustine's Press. Edited by Matthew D. Walz, Gaunilo & Anselm.
    Written for his brother Benedictine monks around 1077, Anselm's Proslogion is perhaps the best-known partially-read book of the Middle Ages. Many readers are familiar only with Anselm's well-known argument for God's existence in Chapters 2-4, which is often called the "ontological argument," a misleading appellation coined centuries later by Immanuel Kant. In this argument Anselm begins with the thought of "something than which nothing greater is able to be thought," and subsequently he leads the reader to see that such a (...)
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  41.  8
    A vindication of politics: on the common good and human flourishing.Matthew D. Wright - 2019 - Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
    Natural law political theory grounds the authority of law in the law's capacity to advance the common good, but questions about what this common good is and how it relates to political life remain highly contested. The influential new natural law theory of John Finnis reduces political association to the operation of government and makes it a merely instrumental good that serves to secure and facilitate individual and social goods. Political community, on this account, does not realize any further human (...)
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  42. Against ‘institutional racism’.D. C. Matthew - 2024 - Philosophy and Social Criticism 50 (6):971-996.
    This paper argues that the concept and role of ‘institutional racism’ in contemporary discussions of race should be reconsidered. It starts by distinguishing between ‘intrinsic institutional racism’, which holds that institutions are racist in virtue of their constitutive features, and ‘extrinsic institutional racism’, which holds that institutions are racist in virtue of their negative effects. It accepts intrinsic institutional racism, but argues that a ‘disparate impact’ conception of extrinsic conception faces a number of objections, the most serious being that it (...)
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  43.  94
    Aggregating moral preferences.Matthew D. Adler - 2016 - Economics and Philosophy 32 (2):283-321.
    :Preference-aggregation problems arise in various contexts. One such context, little explored by social choice theorists, is metaethical. ‘Ideal-advisor’ accounts, which have played a major role in metaethics, propose that moral facts are constituted by the idealized preferences of a community of advisors. Such accounts give rise to a preference-aggregation problem: namely, aggregating the advisors’ moral preferences. Do we have reason to believe that the advisors, albeit idealized, can still diverge in their rankings of a given set of alternatives? If so, (...)
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  44. How to Balance Lives and Livelihoods in a Pandemic.Matthew D. Adler, Richard Bradley, Marc Fleurbaey, Maddalena Ferranna, James Hammitt, Remi Turquier & Alex Voorhoeve - 2023 - In Julian Savulescu & Dominic Wilkinson, Pandemic Ethics: From Covid-19 to Disease X. Oxford University Press. pp. 189-209.
    Control measures, such as “lockdowns”, have been widely used to suppress the COVID-19 pandemic. Under some conditions, they prevent illness and save lives. But they also exact an economic toll. How should we balance the impact of such policies on individual lives and livelihoods (and other dimensions of concern) to determine which is best? A widely used method of policy evaluation, benefit–cost analysis (BCA), answers these questions by converting all the effects of a policy into monetary equivalents and then summing (...)
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  45.  12
    Tonal Emergence: An agent-based model of tonal coordination.Matthew D. Setzler & Robert L. Goldstone - 2022 - Cognition 221 (C):104968.
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  46.  33
    Corrigendum: Modeling habits as self-sustaining patterns of sensorimotor behavior.Matthew D. Egbert & Xabier E. Barandiaran - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  47.  14
    Narrowly person-affecting axiology: a reconsideration.Matthew D. Adler - 2025 - Economics and Philosophy 41 (1):119-160.
    A narrowly person-affecting (NPA) axiology is an account of the moral ranking of outcomes such that the comparison of any two outcomes depends on the magnitude and weight of individuals’ well-being gains and losses between the two. This article systematically explores NPA axiology. It argues that NPA axiology yields an outcome ranking that satisfies three fundamental axioms: Pareto, Anonymity and, plausibly, Pigou-Dalton. The axiology is neutral to non-well-being considerations (desert); and (assuming well-being measurability) leads to the Repugnant Conclusion (RC). In (...)
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  48.  4
    Education and well-being: an ontological inquiry.Matthew D. Dewar - 2016 - New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    This book explores how contemporary educational research and curriculum occlude the vital and enduring relationship between education and well-being. Beginning with the consequences of the reductive tendencies of educational research and moving through the consequences of the technical and instrumental tendencies of curriculum, this book challenges how contemporary education as a whole reduces human beings to “things” and funnels them according to predetermined knowledge forms representative of the dominant socioeconomic ideology. Through a philosophical exploration of original conceptions of education and (...)
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  49.  40
    Purview and Permissibility: The Site of Justice and the Case of Private Racial Discrimination.D. C. Matthew - 2014 - Social Theory and Practice 40 (1):73-98.
    If there is a “basic structure objection” to G.A. Cohen’s incentive critique of Rawls, then there is also a BSO to claims that private racial discrimination thwarts social justice by reducing the opportunity of its targets. In this paper, I take up the debate about the site or purview of justice and discuss it with reference to the case of race. I argue that the dispute about the site of justice has been wrongly understood as a dispute about the substantive (...)
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  50. Prioritarianism: Room for Desert?Matthew D. Adler - 2018 - Utilitas 30 (2):172-197.
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